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ADHD Stimulant Medication Stimulant medications are the first-line treatment for ADHD. They have a history of a robust response, good tolerance, and safety throughout the life span. However, it's important to determine the appropriate dosage and medication that eases the symptoms of your child or yourself without causing any adverse side negative effects. It usually takes a lot of trial and error, as well as regular dialogue with your doctor. Stimulants Stimulants are substances that boost activity in the central nervous system. Students and athletes, artists, workers and others take them to enhance their cognitive performance and performance. They are also used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as well as narcolepsy, binge eating disorder, and some anxiety disorders. The most popular stimulant drugs are amphetamines and methylphenidates. FDA-approved prescription stimulants are available in immediate-release and extended-release formulas. The immediate-release medication is usually taken every four hours as needed. They can trigger an abrupt, short-term drop in energy known as a crash when they have worn off. The crash can cause extreme craving, mood swings and fatigue. Instant-release medication can also increase blood pressure and heartbeat in certain people. This is especially the case when they do not consume enough food. Extended-release medicines are designed to release active ingredients over a time of 8-16 hours. Your doctor might suggest this kind of medication if your goal is long-lasting control of symptoms without having to take a pill multiple times a day. Methylphenidate medications in the extended-release category include Ritalin, Concerta, and Focalin. adhd medication adults is a long-acting methylphenidate product that adheres to your skin like a bandage and lasts the entire day. This type of medication can be prescribed to adults suffering from ADHD and require a daily dosage that lasts longer than immediate-release options. Stimulant medication does not cure ADHD but it can help manage the symptoms by enhancing how neurons in the brain communicate. By blocking or binding their receptors, they can alter the level of neurotransmitters, like dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain. This allows more neurotransmitters be released and helps messages between neurons be more efficiently sent and received. Doctors may prescribe antidepressants in addition to stimulants to treat ADHD. The majority of antidepressants doctors prescribe for ADHD affect the levels of norepinephrine, serotonin and dopamine in your brain. One class, referred to as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, is a great option for people who have depression or anxiety, too. These medications are usually mixed with stimulants to increase their effectiveness. Other reasons your doctor might switch between non-stimulant and stimulant medications is if your current medication isn't working, or has undesirable side effects. Long-acting Stimulants can help 70%-80 percent of adults and children with ADHD. They help reduce symptoms like the tendency to fidget and talk over others. They can also improve the social skills of employees and improve their performance. The stimulant medication starts to work once it has crossed the blood-brain barrier that can take 45 to 60 minutes. They increase the levels Dopamine and Norepinephrine in brain cells, which reduces the intensity of impulses and hyperactivity. FDA-approved stimulant medications use one of two molecules that are Methylphenidate (Adderall, Ritalin, Vyvanse, Concerta) and amphetamine (Ritalin, Adderall XR, Vyvanse XR). Stimulants can cause side effects such as stomach upset loss of appetite, increased blood pressure and heart rate headaches, as well as nervousness or anxiety. They can also make tics more severe and cause sleep problems in certain people. Long-acting stimulants (such as Strattera and Wellbutrin) work all night and day unlike medications which last only a few hours. They can also help with other disorders like depression or anxiety. These medicines work by altering how your body regulates monoamine oxidases. Monoamine oxidases break down dopamine inside the brain and other neurotransmitters. These chemicals stay in your body for longer if not broken down. This could affect your behavior and your thinking. Long-acting medications can have fewer negative effects. Your doctor may prescribe smaller doses that you take throughout the day. Certain stimulants are available in extended-release forms that you take daily. Adults may find this more convenient however, it is important to be sure to take your stimulants each day. SSRIs and other medicines have been proven to be effective in treating ADHD in many adults. These medications are usually prescribed for depression or anxiety however they can also be prescribed for ADHD. Around 70% of people react to these medications. Bupropion (Wellbutrin) is a different SSRI that has been approved for ADHD and has been demonstrated to be more efficient than placebos in a controlled study. These SSRIs can cause severe side effects like hearing ringing, anxiety, and changes to vision as well as lung and heart function in some people. Short-acting The stimulant drugs work to reduce ADHD symptoms by increasing levels of dopamine as well as norepinephrine in the brain. These are the two chemicals that help people focus and regulate their behavior. They are available in a variety of forms, and each comes with its own brand name, such as Adderall, Vyvanse, Ritalin and Concerta. There are two main types of stimulant medications amphetamines, methylphenidates, and methylphenidates. All have similar effects but differ in the duration of their action. The methylphenidates are less effective that can last as long as three hours, whereas amphetamines have longer-lasting effects. Certain people are more at absorbing long-acting stimulant medications than those with short-acting stimulants, so your doctor may prescribe this kind of drug. It is important that you be aware of as much as you can about the medication. This includes any side effects, how frequently it should be taken, and any warnings. This will assist you and your doctor determine the most suitable medication for you. It is important to understand that these medications may cause a few negative side effects, including problems sleeping or a loss of appetite. Talk to your doctor if you experience these side effects. You may need to adjust the dosage or try a different drug. Adults with ADHD who do not respond well to stimulants may be treated with non-stimulant medications that take longer to begin working but increase the capacity of an individual to concentrate and manage impulses. These drugs might be prescribed as a stand-alone or in combination with stimulants. The first is atomoxetine (brand names Strattera and Qelbree) It increases norepinephrine as well as dopamine levels in the prefrontal cortex which regulates the way we behave. Another is guanfacine (brand name Intuniv), which belongs to a class of medications called alpha agonists. These drugs work by preventing reuptake and increasing the level of brain chemicals in the bloodstream. Guanfacine was initially developed to treat high blood pressure, has been proven to be effective in treating ADHD. Combinations People suffering from ADHD make use of a variety drug combinations. This includes stimulants that are depressant drugs such as Guanfacine and Clonidine. These drugs are calming for the brain, and can decrease symptoms such as sleeplessness and aggressive behavior. They also prevent the onset of withdrawal from stimulants. This combination could be dangerous however, if it is not used correctly. Combining two stimulants at the same time increases the risk of developing serotonin syndrome, which is a drug emergency that occurs when the body is overloaded with many serotonin. This combination can also raise the heart rate and blood pressure. People with heart disease or high blood pressure are at higher risk of developing side effects from this medication. Combinations of stimulants are now being used by teens and young adults. These substances, which are sold in pharmacies, are called “legal highs”. They are also available on the black market. These substances are dangerous, especially if combined with alcohol or other substances. The use of polydrugs can be hazardous. Mixing drugs can trigger unpredictable and harmful effects, such as increased heart rate, slower breathing, hallucinations, paranoia seizures, addiction and hallucinations. Combination therapy is more effective than monopharmacotherapy for treating ADHD according to an investigation. Combining medications increased adherence and allowed patients to achieve greater symptom relief than monotherapy. Many patients, however, quit their treatment due to adverse effects. In some instances the medication was discontinued due to sleep problems or worsening of tics. This could be a result of poor diagnosis or a lack of access to medication. Nonstimulants are an alternative treatment for ADHD. They help improve the ability to focus and impulse control however they are not as effective as stimulants. They are less likely to suppress appetite and growth. Certain antidepressants may also be prescribed for ADHD. However they have a less chance of improving focus and concentration. Numerous studies have demonstrated that atomoxetine and methylphenidate (Concerta) can be used together to achieve better results than either on its own. Combining these two medications improved adherence and reduced the risk of adverse reactions for a majority of people. The combination also proved effective in young adults and adolescents. This combination could be a viable solution for children with severe ADHD.